MICROBIOLOGY A branch of biology dealing especially with microscopic forms of life. The science of microbiology started with the invention of microscope. The first person to use a microscope for academic study is the English scientist Robert Hooke 1660s. In the year 1665 Hook published his landmark book MICROGRAPHIA, this book describes the microscopic world for the first time. He studied plant sections, in particular cork and he drew what he saw, which a matrix of tiny cylindrical likes structures he called CELLS. And many of the researchers saw such structures in all types of living organism and Hookes naming remained. Now a day, it is considered to be a foundation stone in the understanding of microbiology. Willen Church in Buckinghamshire, England, was designed by Robert Hooke who also discovered Hookes Law and the Great Red Spot on the planet Jupiter. In continental Europe other scientist, such as MARCELLO MALPIGHI in Italy and Antoine Van Leeuwenhoek in the Netherlands, were using microscopes to view or look to look at the animal and plant tissue.

ANIMACULES or little eels an experiment by Leeuwenhoek that examined a drop of rain water and noticed that it contained tiny creatures. These were in fact bacteria and so Van Leeuwenhoek became the first person to study bacteria. PRIMITIVE FORMS OF SMALLFOX INOCULATION is one of the microbiological treatment developed in Turkey in the seventeenth century were brought to England around 1720. This involved creating reasonably large open wounds in the arm with a knife and pasting in serum taken from the pusy sores of victims. Elsewhere in England, particularly at Yet Minster in Dorset, cowherds and milkmaids had noticed the immunizing effects of cowpox in apparently preventing smallpox, and they too practiced a form of open-wound inoculation on local people. In 1796 the credit of invention of inoculation goes to Edward Jenner who injected cowhand James Phipps with cowpox. Jenner gets the credit because he carried out his work using accepted scientific method and wrote it up afterwards, though the ethics of deliberately injecting the experimental subject with smallpox some six weeks later is questionable!

Fortunately, the boy did not develop smallpox and Jenner became rich and famous as a result. It was from this risky beginning that the science of immunization developed. SMALL POX OR VARIOLA VIRUS is the only disease ever deliberately eradicated and it was declared officially in 1979. In the year 18th and 19th century many scientist studied plant and animal structures under the microscope, the real science of microbiology only began in the latter half of the nineteenth century, when high- magnification microscopes of good optical quality became more widely available. The one who founded the science of bacteriology on 1875 was Ferdinand J Cohn. Bacteriology- branch of microbiology that studies bacteria. BACILLUS the term for classification of bacteria. The man named Louis Pasteur was probably the greatest biologist of the nineteenth century. He is the one who developed GERM THEORY of disease, which was a significant breakthrough in medicine that ultimately improved the health of everyone on the planet. Using a sterilize flask he was able to prove that life itself did not SPONTANEOUSLY COME INTO BEING. He also showed the fermentation process used in banking and brewing that was caused by microorganisms. And later on he soon to develop the process for sterilizing milk and this was named after him PATEURIZATION. He is also credited with the development of vaccines, most notably for rabies and anthrax. In addition, he identified and eliminated disease in silkworms.